Prevalence, admission rates and hypoxia due to COVID-19 in patients with rheumatic disorders treated with targeted synthetic or biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs or methotrexate: a nationwide study from Iceland

Abstract Background and objectives: Misdiagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) epileptic (ES) is common. In the absence diagnostic gold standard (video EEG), clinicians rely on semiology clinical assessment. However, questions regarding accuracy different signs remain. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate in PNES ES. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, PsycInfo Medline for original research publications published before 8 February 2021 with no restriction search dates identify studies that compared ES epilepsy monitoring units. Non-English publications, review articles, reporting only or limited patients developmental delay were excluded. Study characteristics proportions ‘event groups’ ‘patient demonstrating extracted from each article. Bivariate analysis was conducted, data pooled a random effects model meta-analysis. The I2 statistic calculated assess statistical heterogeneity. QUADAS-2 tool utilized risk bias included studies. positive likelihood ratio (PLR) negative (NLR) calculated. A PLR > 10 an NLR < 0.1 has large impact post-test probability diagnosis (ES PNES) whereas between 5-10 0.1- 0.2 moderate PNES). Results: 14 comprising 800 452 PNES. For PNES, ictal eye closure (PLR 40.5 95%CI: 16.2-101.3; = 0, three studies) asynchronous limb movements 10.2; 2.8-37.7; reached threshold 5. No single sign >5 Conclusions: While all require interpretation overall context, presence are reliable discriminative